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Genetically modified animals - Actions

 

• "Transgenic" animal models
• Containment of genetically modified animals

"Transgenic" animal models

Replacing therapeutic target genes in the mouse model with genes that code for human proteins

When genetic modifications are made in mice, the resulting protein structure is close to that of human proteins. Consequently, the effect of a drug or compound that acts on this protein is also closer to the activity that would be expected in humans.

For example, the medical literature concerning Alzheimer's disease offers a number of models of genetically modified animals that develop amyloid plaques in the brain (a factor in Alzheimer's disease). These models do not, however, present all the characteristics of the disease observed in humans, such as, for example, the loss of neurons.

In order to obtain a reliable model to assess medicines, it is necessary to use mice that express the mutant human b-amyloid precursor protein as well as human presenilin. This mouse model offers a more reliable representation of the human disease.  

Containment of genetically modified animals

Measures to protect personnel and the environment from potential risks in connection with genetically modified animals

As they develop, transgenesis techniques are likely to rely increasingly on inserts or vectors that present a biological risk. This risk must be controlled completely. Various measures are applied to ensure the protection of personnel against biological risks associated with genetic modifications as well as protection of the environment with respect to the accidental dispersal of genetically modified animals.

For all the new models, it is necessary to evaluate the relationship between the scientific benefit and the biological risk linked to genetic modifications in the animal. This decision must be ratified by the ethics committees and by the biological safety director. 

The French Genetics Engineering Committee grants the rights to use these models. The Committee also defines the biological containment measures that must be implemented.